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11
Have you seen this? / A Blueprint for Better International Collaboration on Evidence
« Last post by John Short on September 11, 2024, 09:06:12 GMT »
Interesting discussion about 18 minutes into BBC More or Less with Tim Harford
More or Less - How long does it take to turn around an oil tanker? - BBC Sounds
https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0022skj

Global Evidence Report
A Blueprint for Better International Collaboration on Evidence
David Halpern Deelan Maru

A Blueprint for Better International Collaboration on Evidence | The Behavioural Insights Team (bi.team)
https://www.bi.team/publications/international-collaboration-evidence/

Summary
“Governments collectively spend trillions on public services. Despite this, surprisingly little is known on what works across most areas of public spending. Alongside this, R&D spending by governments across most areas of spending, with the exception of health and defence, are incredibly low. For the U.S., UK, Australia and Canada, the implied research gap is c.$100 billion per annum.
Given the scarcity of good evidence, there are enormous gains to be had from leveraging the existing evidence better, and collaborating to build more. There are overlapping common interests and questions (e.g. how best to screen cancer, the best way to teach a child to read and write, and how to reduce recidivism). This report, commissioned by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), provides a blueprint for how these overlapping interests can be jointly addressed within the global evidence ecosystem. Developed by BIT and Nesta, with participation from the U.S., UK, Australian and Canadian governments, the blueprint offers practical recommendations for improving international collaboration on evidence.

Key recommendations

Our main recommendation is for countries to collaborate on evidence synthesis. The most promising avenue for evidence synthesis is Living Evidence Reviews (LERs), which are systematic reviews that are continuously updated. We propose that ‘meta’ LERs are conducted across all areas of social policy to answer the questions that really matter to policymakers. 
“Globally, it may be helpful for countries to join forces in producing systematic reviews and identifying evidence gaps. One proposal, currently being shaped by David Halpern and Deelan Maru, proposes that a handful of likeminded governments join forces to produce better systematic reviews and avoid duplication (Halpern and Maru, 2024)… Like the Cochrane Collaboration and the Campbell Collaboration, such an approach can help expand our knowledge of what works, and put a spotlight on the areas where more evidence is needed.”
•   Establish a Shared Evaluation Fund across partner countries to ensure evaluation of promising interventions
•   Promote standardised reporting and publication protocols to facilitate inter-governmental sharing of evaluated interventions
•   Conduct evidence gap maps across priority policy areas to obtain an overarching view of the state of the evidence
•   Prioritise the synthesis of this evidence into high-quality, comprehensive reviews, or meta-Living Evidence Reviews (meta-LERs)
•   Strengthen international public service professional networks to accelerate the transfer and adoption of best practices across countries
•   Conduct research into effective translation and adoption, or ‘metascience’, to accelerate the transfer of evidence into policy and practice

Delivery options

A Minimum Viable Product (MVP) version, focusing solely on improvements to the quality of secondary evidence, could be delivered for $11-22 million. This would test the feasibility of evidence maps and meta-LERs, and establish a collaborative platform for funding. More intensive versions, allowing for improvements to primary evidence and adoption, could be delivered for $30-196m.
These amounts may seem high, but they pale in comparison to the amount spent on public services. Redirecting services to those that are proven effective through evidence would likely yield savings many times the value of the upfront investment.
This blueprint is a call to action for governments to collaborate more closely on evidence generation and utilisation. By pooling resources and expertise, countries can bridge the existing gaps in their evidence ecosystems, ultimately leading to more informed and effective public policies. This collaborative effort promises not only financial savings but also broader societal benefits through improved public service delivery.”

12
Have you seen this? / Café Economics
« Last post by John Short on September 04, 2024, 07:56:41 GMT »
For those of us of a certain age and those striving to reach it!

Café Economics: Worry Free Retirement (imf.org)


https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2024/09/cafe-economics-worry-free-retirement
13
Have you seen this? / Re: Finance and Development Magazine at 60
« Last post by John Short on July 25, 2024, 08:16:56 GMT »
Over the past 30 years the IMF has adapted to global shocks and evolving member needs.

The IMF has always adapted to the evolving needs of its member countries, and the pace of change has accelerated in the past 30 years, the IMF’s Atish Rex Ghosh and Andrew Stanley write in F&D magazine’s Picture This series.

https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2024/06/Picture-This-The-Evolving-IMF?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery
14
Have you seen this? / Re: Finance and Development Magazine at 60
« Last post by John Short on June 28, 2024, 12:43:39 GMT »
Two changes which were significant

1. Change from Balance of Payment support to Budget Support where no one was concerned with what the money was used for apart from imports which were counted often from the supplying country to justify the amount.

2  In 1999 IMF introduced the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) to replace its Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF).  This meant that budget support (by Bilateral and multi-lateral donors) was moved above the line as revenue rather than a below the line financing instrument.  This allowed an expansion of expenditures on, it was hoped, health and education.
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Have you seen this? / Re: Finance and Development Magazine at 60
« Last post by Napodano on June 28, 2024, 07:10:54 GMT »
In 1964 I was just three year old :-)

Trajectories I have experienced:
- from projects to programmes;
- from annual budget, split between recurrent and 'development' budget documents, to MTEF and more recently MTRS;
- from poverty reduction strategies to national development strategies
- from fiduciary risk assessments to PEFA and other codified assessments (TADAT. PIMA...)
- the surge of performance in budgeting towards its bureaucratisation ('passport of indicators'). 

What else have I missed?

 
16
The Sector PFM Boards / A programme for greater health equity
« Last post by John Short on June 22, 2024, 09:05:08 GMT »
A programme for greater health equity for the next UK Government
Michael Marmot, Jessica Allen m.marmot@ucl.ac.uk
www.thelancet.com Vol 403 June 22, 2024
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01243-1/abstract?dgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email

I found this article interesting – although it is aimed at the UK it has some very interesting international comparisons and its theme is universal.  I also found it quite chilling as it, to a certain extent, reflects the situation when I moved to the North East to the Northern Region Strategy Team in the mid 70s.  Although the hospital infrastructure in the North East is now excellent,  perhaps the underlying social conditions in terms of preventative health education is not so.

To quote the article: “The UK is unhealthy, literally and metaphorically. Literally, since 2010, many health indicators have stopped improving, health inequalities are increasing between social groups and regions, and health for people who live in the most deprived areas is declining. Of course, the National Health Service (NHS) should be properly funded, but attention to the social determinants of health is vital. The principle of proportionate universalism should be applied to all policies aimed at reducing inequalities. Health follows a social gradient—the greater the deprivation of an area the higher the mortality rate and the worse the health.  A policy of targeting only the people who are worst off misses people with social disadvantage and related health disadvantage who fall above the threshold of intervention.

Eight principles to prioritise health equity
• Give every child the best start in life
• Enable all children, young people, and adults to maximise their capabilities and have control over their lives
• Create fair employment and good work for all
• Ensure a healthy standard of living for all
• Create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities
• Strengthen the role and impact of ill-health prevention
• Tackle racism and discrimination and their outcomes
• Pursue environmental sustainability and health equity together”

These Marmot Principles are from the 2010 report Fair Society, Healthy Lives: the Marmot Review. Marmot M, Allen J, Goldblatt P, Boyce T, McNeish D, Grady M. Fair society, healthy lives: the Marmot Review. London: Institute of Health Equity, 2010. https://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/fair-society healthy-lives-the-marmot-review/fair-society-healthy-lives-full-report pdf.pdf (accessed June 10, 2024)
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Have you seen this? / Finance and Development Magazine at 60
« Last post by John Short on June 05, 2024, 15:24:01 GMT »
Interesting article on economics and development relating to the IMF and World Bank over the past 60 years.

Well worth a read.


THE LIFE AND TIMES OF FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT
ANNA POSTELNYAK

https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2024/06/FandD-at-60-the-life-and-times-of-Finance-Development-Anna-Postelnyak?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

"The Beatles are all the rage. The US Congress passes the Civil Rights Act. Nelson Mandela is condemned to life in prison in South Africa. Audrey Hepburn stars in My Fair Lady. And in Washington, on a quiet corner of 19th Street, NW, a magazine is born.

The debut of Finance & Development in June 1964 may not have been as momentous as other events of that year, but it marked the opening of a unique window for the public to peer into the workings—and thinking—of the IMF.

In a special section of F&D’s 60th anniversary issue, Anna Postelnyak traces the magazine’s history. She shows how it covered the global economy’s most important milestones and how it evolved into a platform for thought leaders from many countries to explain and debate issues central to the world economy."

It would be interesting to hear of the PFMBoard members' experiences  and any comments?

18
Have you seen this? / Re: World Basic Income and AI revisited
« Last post by John Short on May 19, 2024, 10:41:45 GMT »
We'll need universal basic income - AI 'godfather'

The computer scientist regarded as the “godfather of artificial intelligence” says the government will have to establish a universal basic income to deal with the impact of AI on inequality.

Professor Geoffrey Hinton told BBC Newsnight that a benefits reform giving fixed amounts of cash to every citizen would be needed because he was “very worried about AI taking lots of mundane jobs”.

“I was consulted by people in Downing Street and I advised them that universal basic income was a good idea,” he said.

He said while he felt AI would increase productivity and wealth, the money would go to the rich “and not the people whose jobs get lost and that’s going to be very bad for society”.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cnd607ekl99o.amp
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External Audit, an essential oversight function / SPOTTING INTEGRITY GAPS
« Last post by chandra on May 06, 2024, 14:48:13 GMT »
Dear Colleagues,
The Blavatnik School of Government, University of OXFORD has just released a paper on SPOTTING INTEGRITY GAPS: A Practical and Appropriate Role for Public
Auditors in the Fight Against Corruption.
This is a research paper authored by former Auditor General of Nepal Mr. Tanka Mani Sharma Dangal and 
Professor of Practice of Public Integrity, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford Mr. Christopher Stone.
This paper gives new insights for SAIs around the globe to deal with integrity gaps and addressing.
I do believe that you will find this paper interesting and useful. Here is a link to the paper.

https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/publications/chandler-papers-spotting-integrity-gaps

If you have any feedback or suggestions for the author, you may contact Mr. Dangal at sharmatm@gmail.com
Thank you.

20
The Revenue Framework / Re: Food for thought- excise taxes on sugar and salt
« Last post by John Short on March 25, 2024, 14:21:05 GMT »
Still a debate that is ongoing.  ‘The cost of dealing with disease is growing all the time’: why experts think sugar taxes should be far higher
 
More than 100 countries impose levies on sugar, but should tariffs increase to improve wellbeing and generate revenues to help tackle related illnesses?

Article worth reading at
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2024/mar/24/sugar-taxes-governments-public-health-economy

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