In all the debate about Brexit only nominal tariffs have been discussed with no consideration of effective protection. The hoped-for outcome by the ultra Brexiteers is a zero tariff regime which will provide zero effective protection for domestic producers relative to some effective protection that the EC Customs regime currently provides. In the US, President Trump proposes significant tariff hikes on the intermediate products of steel and aluminium which will raises their effective protection but will reduce any effective protection that the users of steel and aluminium in their productive process, possibly generating negative protection for some.
Has anyone seen any studies of effective protection (or even mention of it) for the UK or USA on these proposals?
